Research Article
Position, Not Composition: A Decomposition Analysis of the Supervisor-Employee Psychological Safety Gap
William Reed*
,
Sean Owen
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 2, June 2026
Pages:
45-55
Received:
23 February 2026
Accepted:
9 March 2026
Published:
2 April 2026
Abstract: Psychological safety is widely recognized as a relevant ally to effective organizational learning, employee voice, and performance. Yet a consistently observed organizational pattern is that supervisors report higher psychological safety than non-supervisors. Drawing on theories of hierarchical influence, information asymmetries, and self–other agreement in leadership perceptions, we investigate whether this supervisor–employee psychological safety gap reflects positional advantages of supervisory roles or compositional differences in who occupies them. We analyze survey data from 183 working professionals from diverse occupational fields recruited through the Cloud Research online platform (62 supervisors; 121 non-supervisors). Hierarchical regression shows that supervisory status is positively associated with psychological safety, net of age, sex, race, education, household income, and occupational field. Household income is positively associated with psychological safety, whereas other demographic controls exhibit limited explanatory power. To differentiate varying compositional from gap-positional accounts, we apply a Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition that partitions supervisor–employee differences into an “explained” component attributable to group differences in observed characteristics and an “unexplained” component attributable to differential returns or unmeasured role-based factors. Decomposition indicates that observed demographic compositions explain little to no supervisor–employee gap, whereas unexplained components account for nearly all of it. Results revealed that observed demographic factors outlined little to no supervisor–employee differences, whereas unexplained (residual) components account for nearly all of the actual gap, consistent with role-linked differences rather than selection on measured characteristics.
Abstract: Psychological safety is widely recognized as a relevant ally to effective organizational learning, employee voice, and performance. Yet a consistently observed organizational pattern is that supervisors report higher psychological safety than non-supervisors. Drawing on theories of hierarchical influence, information asymmetries, and self–other agr...
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Research Article
Choice of Small-scale Catfish Farmers for Rearing System in Oyo State, Nigeria: A Comparative Analysis of SEAP Beneficiaries and Non-beneficiaries
Olanipekun Oluwabunmi Adegboyega,
Fasakin Idowu James*
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 2, June 2026
Pages:
56-67
Received:
26 February 2026
Accepted:
12 March 2026
Published:
20 April 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajtab.20261202.12
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Views:
Abstract: The choice of rearing systems has important implications for productivity, profitability, and sustainability among small-scale fish farmers. This study analyses the determinants of rearing system choice among small-scale catfish farmers in Oyo State, Nigeria, with particular emphasis on the role of institutional support through the Self-Reliance Economic Advancement Programme (SEAP). Using cross-sectional data from 248 farmers (124 SEAP beneficiaries and 124 non-beneficiaries), we examine farmers’ choices among earthen, concrete, and collapsible ponds/other systems, using a multinomial logit model. The results indicate that access to credit, fish farming income, SEAP participation, farming experience, marital status, and primary occupation significantly influence the choice of rearing system. Farmers with greater access to credit and higher incomes are more likely to adopt capital-intensive systems, such as concrete and collapsible ponds, rather than earthen ponds. In contrast, more experienced and married farmers tend to remain with earthen ponds, reflecting risk considerations and path dependency. The findings underscore the importance of institutional and financial support for intensifying catfish farming and provide policy-relevant insights to inform the design of credit and extension programs for small-scale fish farmers.
Abstract: The choice of rearing systems has important implications for productivity, profitability, and sustainability among small-scale fish farmers. This study analyses the determinants of rearing system choice among small-scale catfish farmers in Oyo State, Nigeria, with particular emphasis on the role of institutional support through the Self-Reliance Ec...
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